INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to test whether group-based rehabilitation focusing on strength training, education and self-management is more effective than individual, supervised home-training after fast-track total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We allocated 80 participants undergoing primary TKA to either group-based rehabilitation or individual, supervised home-training (40 participants in each group). The group-based rehabilitation consisted of 12 outpatient visits during six weeks including strength and endurance exercises, education and self-management combined with home exercises. The primary outcome was Oxford Knee Score; secondary outcomes were EuroQoL-5 Dimensions QoL and Physical Function of the Medical Outcomes Short Form 36. Tertiary outcomes were pain, knee range of motion, tandem test, Leg Extensor Power, 10-m walking test, 30-sec. and five-times sit-to-stand. Outcomes were assessed four weeks, three months and six months after surgery. In addition, the questionnaires were completed before surgery. RESULTS: We found no difference in gain of function or quality of life between the two groups at three and six months follow-up. CONCLUSION: Individual, supervised home-training and group-based rehabilitation programmes improved patients' quality of life and physical function equally six months after TKA. FUNDING: This study was funded by Holstebro Municipality, Region of Central Jutland, and Lundbeck Centre for Fast-Track Hip and Knee Surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered in the Danish Data Protection Agency (registration number: 1-16-02-41-10) and ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number KL24621).

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