The utility of real-time interactive voice and video telehealth for teaching pursed-lips breathing (PLB) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown. This was a pilot study to determine its feasibility and efficacy on the key variables of social support and dyspnea. A randomized control study design with repeated measures (baseline, 4 and 12 weeks) was used. All participants in the control and intervention groups received PLB instruction at baseline, but only the intervention group received one weekly PLB reinforcement session for 4 weeks via home computer and Skype software. Outcome measures were Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey and dyspnea assessment (visual analogue scales for intensity and distress, modified Borg after six-minute walk distance, and Shortness of Breath Questionnaire for activity-associated dyspnea). A total of 22 participants with COPD (mean FEV1% predicted = 56) were randomized; 16 (9 telehealth, 7 control) completed the protocol. Intent-to-treat analysis at week 4, but not week 12, demonstrated significantly improved total social support (p = 0.02) and emotional/informational subscale (p = 0.03) scores. Dyspnea intensity decreased (p = 0.08) for the intervention group with a minimal clinical important difference of 10.4 units. Analysis of only participants who completed the protocol demonstrated a significant decrease in dyspnea intensity (p =< 0.01) for the intervention group at both week 4 and 12. Real-time telehealth is a feasible, innovative approach for PLB instruction in the home with outcomes of improved social support and decreased dyspnea.

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