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Comparative effects of single-mode versus duration-matched concurrent exercise training on body composition, low-grade inflammation, and glucose regulation in sedentary, overweight, middle-aged men
Donges CE, Duffield R, Guelfi KJ, Smith GC, Adams DR, Edge JA
Physiologie Appliquee Nutrition et Metabolisme [Applied Physiology, Nutrition, & Metabolism] 2013 Jul;38(7):779-788
clinical trial
5/10 [Eligibility criteria: No; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

The effect of duration-matched concurrent exercise training (CET) (50% resistance (RET) and 50% endurance (EET) training) on physiological training outcomes in untrained middle-aged men remains to be elucidated. Forty-seven men (age 48.1 +/- 6.8 years; body mass index 30.4 +/- 4.1 kg/m2) were randomized into 12-weeks of EET (40 to 60 min of cycling), RET (10 exercises; 3 to 4 sets x 8 to 10 repetitions), CET (50% serial completion of RET and EET), or control condition. The following were determined: intervention-based changes in fitness and strength; abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT), total body fat (TB-FM) and fat-free (TB-FFM) mass; plasma cytokines (c-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) interleukin-6 (IL-6)); muscle protein content of p110alpha and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4); mRNA expression of GLUT4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- coactivator-1alpha-beta, cytochrome c oxidase, hexokinase II, citrate synthase; oral glucose tolerance; and estimated insulin sensitivity. CET promoted commensurate improvements of aerobic capacity and muscular strength and reduced VAT and TB-FM equivalently to EET and RET (p < 0.05), yet only RET increased TB-FFM (p < 0.05). Although TNFalpha and IL-6 were reduced after all training interventions (p < 0.05), CRP remained unchanged (p > 0.05). EET reduced area under the curve for glucose, insulin, and C-peptide, whilst CET and RET respectively reduced insulin and C-peptide, and C-peptide only (p < 0.05). Notwithstanding increased insulin sensitivity index after all training interventions (p < 0.05), no change presented for GLUT4 or p110alpha total protein, or chronic mRNA expression of the studied mitochondrial genes (p > 0.05). In middle-aged men, 12 weeks of duration-matched CET promoted commensurate changes in fitness and strength, abdominal VAT, plasma cytokines and insulin sensitivity, and an equidistant glucose tolerance response to EET and RET; despite no change of measured muscle mechanisms associative to insulin action, glucose transport, and mitochondrial function.

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