Virtual reality (VR) is emerging as a valid tool for the rehabilitation of individuals with a variety of disabilities. The objective of this study was to systematically review studies pertaining to the use of VR technology in the rehabilitation of children with sensorimotor deficits. A literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, PEDro, Hooked on Evidence and Google Scholar was undertaken. Included were research reports published in peer-reviewed journals that utilized VR in the assessment and/or treatment of children ages 2 to 18 with sensorimotor disorders. No restrictions were made as to study methodology, outcome measures, or type of VR technology employed. The research methodology and strength of evidence of each study was evaluated by 2 independent reviewers. The search identified 26 studies: 5 examined primarily the degree to which VR induces playfulness, volitional behavior, pleasure and/or motivation; 4 used VR to assess spatial abilities; 17 examined the effects of VR interventions for a variety of treatment objectives. Only 3 studies were randomized control trials, and 8 employed single-case designs. Evidence strength and quality of methodology of the majority of studies was fair to poor. Most studies presented positive outcomes. VR-based rehabilitation in children with a variety of sensorimotor deficits is feasible and safe, and has potential as an effective assessment and treatment modality. However, higher quality research is necessary before the value of VR in pediatric rehabilitation truly can be ascertained.

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