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Electrical stimulation and biofeedback effect on recovery of tenodesis grasp: a controlled study
Kohlmeyer KM, Hill JP, Yarkony GM, Jaeger RJ
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1996 Jul;77(7):702-706
clinical trial
4/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: No. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effectiveness of electrical stimulation and biofeedback on the recovery of tenodesis grasp in tetraplegic individuals during the initial phase of acute rehabilitation. DESIGN: A 2x2 block design was used with subjects randomized to treatment groups. Forty-five subjects completed the study. SETTING: Inpatient occupational therapy department. SUBJECTS: Inpatients with tetraplegia, first admission for rehabilitation after an acute spinal cord injury. INTERVENTIONS: The four treatment groups were: conventional treatment, electrical stimulation, biofeedback, and combined electrical stimulation and biofeedback. The treatment period was between 5 and 6 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Manual muscle testing and scoring of activities of daily living performance by a blinded evaluator. RESULTS: All four treatment groups showed improvements. No treatment group was superior to the others. CONCLUSIONS: Biofeedback and electrical stimulation alone or in combination offer no advantages over conventional rehabilitation treatment of wrist extensors in tetraplegic patients after spinal cord injury.

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