This study examined the effects of constant or variable external resistance training on neuromuscular adaptations in the lower limbs of older men. 37 subjects (age 65 +/- 4 year) were quasi-randomly assigned to the constant or variable training group, or a non-training control group. Training consisted of a 20-week medium-intensity, high volume resistance training program. Maximum bilateral concentric and isometric force production of the leg extensors as well as repetitions-to-failure test were performed pre-, mid- and post-training. Vastus lateralis muscle cross-sectional area was assessed by ultrasound and lean leg mass was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Both training groups significantly increased force production of the leg extensors (variable 26 kg, 95% CI 12 to 39, p < 0.01; constant 31 kg, 95% CI 19 to 43, p < 0.01) and VL cross-sectional area (variable 1.5 cm2, 95% CI 0.03 to 3.1, p = 0.046; constant 3 cm2, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.8, p = 0.002). However, only the variable training group significantly improved repetitions to failure performance (704 kg, 95% CI 45 to 1,364, p = 0.035). Only the variable resistance training group improved fatigue-resistance properties, which may be an important adaptation to maintain exercise and functional capacity in older individuals.

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