PURPOSE: To examine compensatory changes in non-exercise energy expenditure (NEEx) and non-exercise physical activity (NEPA) in response to an aerobic exercise training program. METHODS: Ninety-two overweight/obese (BMI 25 to 39.9 kgm2) sedentary young adults (18 to 30 years) completed a 10-month randomized clinical efficacy trial of aerobic exercise 5 d/wk at either 400 kcal/session (n = 37), 600 kcal/session (n = 37) or control (n = 18). Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were measured at months 0 and 10. NEPA was measured by accelerometer at months 0, 3.5,7, and 10. NEEx was calculated by ((TDEE x 0.9)-RMR)-net EEEx (EEEx-RMR). Mixed modeling was used to examine differences between groups (group effect), within groups (time effect) and group-by-time interaction for NEEx and NEPA. RESULTS: Within the exercise groups, there were no significant effects (all p > 0.05) of group, time, or group-by-time interaction for NEPA. Additionally, there were no significant within or between group differences for change in NEEx. However, activity cts.min were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the 600 kcal/session group (346 +/- 141 min/d) versus controls (290 +/- 106 min/d) at month 7 and significantly higher (p < 0.001) in both the 600 kcal.session (345 +/- 163 min/d) and 400 kcal/session groups (317 +/- 146 min/d) versus controls (277 +/- 116 min/d) at 10 months. CONCLUSION: A 10-month aerobic exercise training program in previously sedentary, overweight and obese young adults was not associated with compensatory decreases in NEEx or NEPA. Results suggest that overweight and obese individuals do not become less physically active or spend more time in sedentary pursuits in response to exercise.

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