OBJECTIVE: To compare patient comfort in preterm infants treated with heated humidified high flow nasal cannulae (HHHFNC) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). DESIGN: Randomised cross-over trial (2x24 h). SETTING: Single tertiary neonatal unit. PATIENTS: 20 infants less than 34 weeks postmenstrual age treated with NCPAP due to mild respiratory illness. INTERVENTIONS: After parental consent, infants were randomised to 24 h of treatment with NCPAP or HHHFNC followed by 24 h of the alternate therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was patient comfort assessed by the EDIN (neonatal pain and discomfort) scale. Secondary outcomes were respiratory parameters (respiratory rate, FiO2, SpO2, TcPCO2), ambient noise, salivary cortisol and parental assessments of their child. RESULTS: We found no differences between HHHFNC and NCPAP in mean cumulative EDIN score (10.7 versus 11.1, p = 0.25) or ambient noise (70 versus 74 dBa, p = 0.18). Parents assessed HHHFNC treatment as significantly better in the three domains, (1) child satisfied, (2) parental contact and interaction and (3) possibility to take part in care. Mean respiratory rate over 24 h was lower during HHHFNC than CPAP (41 versus 46, p = 0.001). Other respiratory parameters were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Using EDIN scale, we found no difference in patient comfort with HHHFNC versus NCPAP. However, parents preferred HHHFNC, and during HHHFNC respiratory rate was lower than during NCPAP. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV NUMBER: NCT01526226.
Reproduced with permission from the BMJ Publishing Group.

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