STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCT). OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) on neck pain (NP). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although research on non-pharmacological and non-surgical treatments for NP is progressing, there remains uncertainty about the efficacy of CBT. METHODS: We searched electronic databases for RCTs. We included RCTs assessing the use of CBT on adults with subacute and chronic NP. Two independent reviewers extracted data on pain (primary outcome), disability, physiological indicator and quality of life. We calculated standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. We used the Cochrane Collaboration's tool to assess risk of bias and the GRADE approach to evaluate the quality of evidence and summarise conclusions. RESULTS: We included 10 studies (836 participants), 4 at low risk of bias. With regard to chronic NP, there was low quality evidence that CBT was better than no treatment for improving pain, disability, and quality of life, while no effect was found on kinesiophobia. The clinical importance of these benefits is uncertain. When comparing both CBT to other interventions and CBT in addition to another intervention to the other intervention alone, no difference was found for pain and disability, while a positive effect was achieved for kinesiophobia only when comparing CBT to other interventions. On subacute NP, CBT was found to be better than other interventions for pain, while no difference was found for secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: CBT was shown to induce changes on pain and disability for chronic NP only when compared to no treatment. On subacute NP, benefit was found on pain relief but not on disability when comparing CBT to other interventions. However, none of these effects were clinically meaningful. Due to the low quality of the evidence, our conclusions might change over time while new data are available. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.
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