BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the effect of resistance and endurance training on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in elderlies. METHODS: Four-five elderly men were divided in three equal matched groups, resistance training (RTG), endurance training (ETG) and control (CG) groups. Resistance training and endurance training groups performed resistance and endurance training, respectively, for one hour in each session, twice a week for eight weeks. Control group were engaged in their daily activities in this period. Healthrelated quality of life was assessed using Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. FINDINGS: No significant changes were observed in eight scales of health-related quality of life (physical functioning, role limitation physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitation emotional and mental health) in resistance training and endurance training groups. Significant decreases were observed in bodily pain in control group (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Exercise has a limited effect on the health-related quality of life in elderlies. Our results suggest that in these subjects, health-related quality of life measures may be affected by ceiling effects and response shift.

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