PURPOSE: Identify if outreach support increases school-aged children's participation in recreational activities. DESIGN: Cluster randomized trial. SETTING: Sixteen schools in economically vulnerable neighborhoods were randomized to either an intervention or control group. SUBJECTS: Children in grades 3 to 5 and their families were invited to participate. INTERVENTION: Children in intervention schools were assigned a "connector" (outreach worker) to facilitate participation in recreation activities. MEASURES: The Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) was the primary measure at baseline, middle, and end of 1 year. Demographics, body mass index, child physical and psychosocial health, coordination, and self-esteem were measured. ANALYSIS: A generalized linear model was used to test differences between intervention and control groups. RESULTS: Three hundred and sixty children enrolled, and 306 (85%) completed the study. A greater proportion of children in the intervention group compared with the control group increased participation in physical activity (21% versus 10%, p = 0.02). Children who increased their activity were more likely to have higher levels of contact with the connectors (31% versus 8%, p = 0.001). Study limitations included (1) 29% of eligible families participated, (2) first use of the CAPE instrument as a longitudinal measure, and (3) connectors were not blinded to group assignment. CONCLUSION: Children living in vulnerable neighborhoods benefit from outreach workers to connect them with physical activity programs.

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