OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of bodyweight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) for chronic stroke survivors. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized controlled study. METHODS: Patients with a first episode of supratentorial arterial stroke of more than 3 months' duration were randomly allocated to 3 groups: overground gait training, treadmill training without bodyweight support, and BWSTT (20 sessions, 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks). The primary outcome was overground walking speed and endurance and secondary outcome was improvement by the Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) and locomotion by the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC). We analyzed data within groups (pre-training versus post-training and pre-training versus 3-month follow-up) and between groups (at post-training and 3-month follow-up). RESULTS: We included 45 patients (36 males, mean post-stroke duration 16.51 +/- 15.14 months); 40 (89.9%) completed training and 34 (75.5%) were followed up at 3 months. All primary and secondary outcome measures showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the 3 groups at the end of training, which was sustained at 3-month follow-up (other than walking endurance in group I). Outcomes were better with BWSTT but not significantly (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: BWSTT offers improvement in gait but has no significant advantage over conventional gait-training strategies for chronic stroke survivors.

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