INTRODUCTION: Aging is accompanied by changes in body composition among which is a progressive reduction in muscle mass, which may contribute to the development of functional limitations in older people, and where the lifestyle plays a particularly important role. OBJECTIVES: To test the effectiveness of progressive resistance training, protein nutritional supplements and both interventions combined in the treatment of sarcopenia. METHODS: Review of literature in Medline, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, ISI WOK and PEDro data by combining the descriptors of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) concerning sarcopenia, progressive resistance training, protein supplements and seniors. RESULTS: A total of 147 studies were found which resistance exercise performed by sessions 45 to 60 minutes, 2 to 3 times a week, and 3 to 4 sets of 8 repetitions, to an increasing intensity. This exercise resulted in increased muscle mass and strength, and increased skeletal muscle protein synthesis and muscle fiber size. Nutritional supplements such as beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, leucine and essential amino acids produced gains in muscle mass. All supplements increased strength, especially when combined with resistance exercise. CONCLUSION: The combination of progressive resistance training and protein included in the diet, either in the form of nutritional supplements, strengthens the impact that each of these interventions can have on the treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly.

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