OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of dosing parameters and patient characteristics on the efficacy of aerobic exercise (AEX) poststroke. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and Academic Search Complete. Study Selection: Studies were selected that compared an AEX group with a nonaerobic control group among ambulatory persons with stroke. Data Extraction: Extracted outcome data included peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) during exercise testing, walking speed, and walking endurance (6-min walk test). Independent variables of interest were AEX mode (seated or walking), AEX intensity (moderate or vigorous), AEX volume (total hours), stroke chronicity, and baseline outcome scores. Data Synthesis: Significant between-study heterogeneity was confirmed for all outcomes. Pooled AEX effect size estimates (AEX group change minus control group change) from random effects models were VO2peak, 2.2mL/kg/min (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 3.1mL/kg/min); walking speed 0.06m/s (95% CI 0.01 to 0.11m/s); and 6-minute walk test distance 29m (95% CI 15 to 42m). In meta-regression, larger VO2peak effect sizes were significantly associated with higher AEX intensity and higher baseline VO2peak. Larger effect sizes for walking speed and the 6-minute walk test were significantly associated with a walking AEX mode. In contrast, seated AEX did not have a significant effect on walking outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: AEX significantly improves aerobic capacity poststroke, but may need to be task specific to affect walking speed and endurance. Higher AEX intensity is associated with better outcomes. Future randomized studies are needed to confirm these results.

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