BACKGROUND: Studies have shown late post-operative physical disability and residual pain in patients following lumbar disc surgery despite growing evidence of its beneficial effects. Therefore, rehabilitation is required to minimise the late post-operative complications. OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of manipulative rehabilitation to improve late post-operative outcomes. METHODS: Twenty-one patients aged 25 to 65 years undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy were randomly assigned to the rehabilitation group (n = 14) or active control group (n = 7) by simple randomisation. Eight rehabilitation sessions were initiated 2 to 3 weeks after surgery. Thirty-minute sessions were conducted twice weekly for four weeks. Post-operative physical disability and pain were assessed at baseline and at the two-year follow-up. RESULTS: Post-operative physical disability improved more in patients who had undergone rehabilitation than in those who had received control care (63% versus -23%, p < 0.05). Post-operative residual low back and leg pain were alleviated in the treatment group (26% and 57%, respectively), but intensified in the control group (-5% and -8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the potential of manipulative rehabilitation and importance of post-operative management after lumbar disc surgery. Definitive trials with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the feasibility and potential therapeutic effectiveness of this approach.

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