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The influence of exercise on cognitive function in older Hispanic/Latino adults: results from the Caminemos study
Piedra LM, Andrade FCD, Hernandez R, Boughton SW, Trejo L, Sarkisian CA
The Gerontologist 2017 Dec;57(6):1072-1083
clinical trial
4/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: We examined the prospective effect of an evidence-based exercise intervention (Caminemos) on cognitive function among older Hispanic/Latino adults and the potential synergistic effects (if any) of an attribution-retraining intervention given to a random sample to counter negative ascriptions of the aging process. DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed baseline and follow-up (1- and 2-year) data collected from Hispanics/Latinos >= 60 years (n = 571) who participated in Caminemos across 27 senior centers. All participants were randomly assigned to either (a) the treatment group-a 1-hr attribution-retraining session plus a 1-hr exercise class or (b) the control group-health education plus a 1-hr exercise class. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to determine the effects of the exercise class and the attribution-retraining component on longitudinal changes in cognitive functioning, as measured by the Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination. RESULTS: In analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, income, and medical comorbidities, participants in both trial arms displayed higher cognitive functioning scores at the 1-year (beta = 1.76, p = 0.001) and 2-year (beta = 1.37, p = 0.013) follow-ups when compared with original baseline scores. However, we found no significant difference in cognitive function between the treatment versus control conditions (beta = 0.41, p = 0.582), nor were any differences found across groups over time. IMPLICATIONS: The exercise intervention improved cognitive function in older Hispanics/Latinos, regardless of whether it was supplemented with the age-related attribution retraining. These findings suggest that limited access to exercise programs may be a greater obstacle in forestalling cognitive decline in older Hispanics/Latinos than the negative beliefs they might hold of the aging process.
Copyright the Gerontological Society of America. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.

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