BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the effects of combined endurance-resistance training (CT) versus endurance training (ET) on some cardiovascular markers in patients with heart failure after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study applied a randomized, controlled design in which 75 patients with heart failure who had undergone PCI were randomly assigned to one of three groups: ET, CT, and control. The ET group performed ET for 45 min, three times a week for 7 weeks. The CT group performed the same ET for 30 min followed by a resistance exercise protocol. The control group received usual care. Functional capacity, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP), and high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured. RESULTS: After the intervention, functional capacity was improved (p < 0.001) and NT-pro BNP level was significantly reduced (p = 0.004 in the CT group, p = 0.002 in the ET group). Hs-CRP level was significantly reduced only in the ET group (p = 0.030). The control group showed no significant changes in any cardiovascular parameters (p >= 0.05). Changes in functional capacity (p < 0.001) in both training groups were significantly different from the control group. No significant differences were found between the ET and CT groups regarding changes in all outcomes after exercise training (p >= 0.05). CONCLUSION: Exercise training is safe and feasible in post-PCI patients, even in those with reduced ejection fraction. CT was as effective as ET in reducing NT-pro BNP level and improving functional capacity in heart failure patients after PCI.

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