One of hypothetical mechanisms related to cognition is exercise-induced IGF-1. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of exercise on IGF-1 levels and cognition in the elderly. METHODS: The article searches were conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and SciELO databases and reviewed according to PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria were: (1) original articles published up to 2017; (2) samples including elderly; (3) protocols including physical exercise; (4) longitudinal studies having exercise as main outcome; (5) assessment of IGF-1; (6) cognition assessment. RESULTS: Seven studies were included in this review. Three of the studies showed an exercise-induced increase in IGF-1; three found stable IGF-1 levels and one found a reduction in IGF-1; with and without improvement in cognition. CONCLUSION: Disparities in the type of physical exercise, protocols and samples under different conditions hinder the establishment of a consensus on IGF-1, cognition and physical exercise.

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