OBJECTIVE: To summarize and critically evaluate the effects of Tai Chi on lower limb proprioception in adults aged over 55. DATA SOURCES: Seven databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and CNKI) were searched from inception until April 14, 2018. STUDY SELECTION: Eleven randomized controlled trials were included for meta-analysis. DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent reviewers screened potentially relevant studies based on the inclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality of the eligible studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). DATA SYNTHESIS: The pooled effect size (standardized mean difference, SMD) was calculated while the random-effects model was selected. PEDro scores ranged from 5 to 8 points (mean 6.7). The study results showed that Tai Chi had significantly positive effects on lower limb joint proprioception. Effect sizes were moderate to large, including ankle plantar flexion (SMD -0.55, 95% CI -0.9 to -0.2, p = 0.002, I2 = 0%, n = 162), dorsiflexion (SMD -0.75, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.39, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%, n = 162), non-dominant/left knee flexion (SMD -0.71, 95% CI -1.10 to -0.41, p < 0.001, I2 = 25.1%, n = 266), dominant/right knee-flexion (SMD -0.82, 95% CI -1.06 to -0.58, p < 0.001, I2 = 33.8%, n = 464). CONCLUSIONS: There is moderate to strong evidence suggests that Tai Chi is an effective intervention to maintain and improve lower limb proprioception in adults aged over 55. More robust multi-center studies including oldest-old participants, with longer follow-ups and validated outcome measures are needed before a definitive conclusion is drawn.

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