BACKGROUND: Excessive gestational weight gain is associated with several adverse events and pathologies during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an exercise program throughout pregnancy on maternal weight gain and prevalence of gestational diabetes. METHOD: A randomized controlled trial was designed that included an exercise intervention group (EG) and standard care control group (CG). The exercise intervention included moderate aerobic exercise performed three days per week (50 to 55 minutes per session) for 8 to 10 weeks to 38 to 39 weeks gestation. RESULTS: 594 pregnant women were assessed for eligibility and 456 were included (EG n = 234; CG n = 222). The results showed a higher percentage of pregnant women gained excessive weight in the CG than in the EG (30.2% versus 20.5% respectively; odds ratio 0.597; 95% confidence interval 0.389 to 0.916; p = 0.018). Similarly, the prevalence of gestational diabetes was significantly higher in the CG than the EG (6.8% versus 2.6% respectively; odds ratio 0.363; 95% confidence interval 0.138 to 0.953; p = 0.033). CONCLUSION: The results of this trial indicate that exercise throughout pregnancy can reduce the risk of excessive maternal weight gain and gestational diabetes.

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