INTRODUCTION: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin are bone remodeling markers such that their increased levels are associated with increased bone formation process. Furthermore, continued cigarette smoking is associated with the change in bone remodeling indexes. The present study aimed to assess the effect of three months of aerobic training on ALP and osteocalcin as bone remodeling markers in male smokers. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Thirty-two sedentary age-matched (42 +/- 2 years old) male smokers were recruited by convenience sampling and were randomly divided into experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. The experimental group performed 12 weeks of aerobic exercise (three days per week, 60% to 80% of maximum heart rate) and the control group did not exercise. Anthropometrical markers, fasting serum osteocalcin and ALP were measured in both groups before and after the intervention. ANCOVA was used to evaluate the changes in variables at the significance level of less than 0.05. RESULTS: Significant decreases were observed in anthropometrical markers by aerobic training in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Aerobic training induced a significant increase in serum osteocalcin (p = 0.011) and ALP (p = 0.019) in the experimental group, but these variables did not change in the control group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Long term aerobic training in the presence continued cigarette smoking can improve bone formation in male smokers.

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