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| Is the goal of 12,000 steps per day sufficient for improving body composition and metabolic syndrome? The necessity of combining exercise intensity: a randomized controlled trial |
| Chiang T-L, Chen C, Hsu C-H, Lin Y-C, Wu H-J |
| BMC Public Health 2019 Sep 3;19(1215):Epub |
| clinical trial |
| 4/10 [Eligibility criteria: No; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed* |
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BACKGROUND: To investigate the differences in body composition and metabolic syndrome (MS) under a daily 12,000-step strategy with or without moderate-intensity walking exercise in college students with obesity. METHODS: Thirty-two adults with obesity (mean (SD) age 19.72 (0.80) years; height 165.38 (3.99) cm; wt 83.31 (4.66) kg; body mass index 30.38 (0.83) kg/m2) were recruited and randomly assigned to the walking step goal group (WSG; achieving 12,000 steps per day), walking exercise group (WEG; achieving 12,000 steps per day, including 3 days per week on which walking at a step rate of over 103 steps/min was required), or control group (CG; maintaining a free-living life style). Each participant's accumulated daily steps from daily activities and walking exercises were monitored using a smartwatch for 8 weeks. The variables of body composition and MS were measured before and after intervention. RESULTS: Average daily steps over 8 weeks did not significantly differ between the WSG and WEG (11,677.67 (480.24) versus 12,131.90 (527.14) steps per day, respectively, p > 0.05). Although the CG and WSG showed no improvement in body composition, the WEG exhibited significant improvements in terms of hip circumference and visceral fat area (VFA) (-2.28 (3.27) cm and -13.11 (9.83) cm2, respectively, p < 0.05); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting glucose (FG), and triglycerides (TG) (16.36 (8.39), -2.53 (3.73), and -10.52 (36.26) mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.05). The WSG exhibited improvements only in HDL-C (14.24 (16.13) mg/dL, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The combination of walking exercise program and daily step goal is a more time efficient strategy in improving body composition and MS than simply establishing a daily step goal. Furthermore, this strategy may also include a potential reduction effect on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number ACTRN12618001237279 (retrospectively registered).
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