OBJECTIVE: To synthesize evidence of the effectiveness of socio-ecological resilience rehabilitation programs on returning to work (RTW), self-efficacy, and stress mitigation following traumatic physical injuries. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Proquest, CINAHL, Web of Science, Clinical Trials Database, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro tool. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized interventions aimed at promoting resilience. DATA EXTRACTION: Twenty one studies were reviewed (11,904 participants). Data from 19 studies of high methodological quality were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for binary outcomes were calculated. DATA SYNTHESIS: Resilience rehabilitation programs significantly increased the likelihood of ever RTW (OR 2.09, 95% CI 0.99 to 4.44, p = 0.05), decreased the number of days taken to return to work (mean difference -7.80, 95% CI -13.16 to -2.45, p <= 0.001), and increased total self-efficacy scores (mean difference 5.19, 95% CI 3.12 to 7.26, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses found that favorable return to work outcomes resulted from programs involving workplace support (p < 0.001) and for people with musculoskeletal or orthopedic injuries (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to rehabilitation programs providing standard care following injuries, programs aimed at developing resilience could improve reemployment outcomes and self-efficacy.

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