INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND: Physical exercise presents evidence for the treatment of insulin resistance. However, it is necessary to deepen this knowledge. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of a high intensity interval training program (HIIT) with one of resistance training (RT) to improve biochemical parameters of insulin/basal glycemia and post-load. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-eight (36 +/- 13 years old) non-medicated insulin-resistant individuals (age 36 +/- 13 years) were studied. Two groups were randomly formed: RT group (n = 14) and HIIT group (n = 14). Each group participated in 12 weeks of intervention (three sessions/week). Both groups were homogeneous (p > 0.05) in terms of age, weight, height and BMI. Basal glycemia/insulinemia and post-load were evaluated, pre and post intervention. RESULTS: After the intervention there were significant decreases in both groups in: fat (%) HIIT (pre 40.20 +/- 7.31 versus post 36.49 +/- 7.28%, p = 0.006), RT (pre 39.04 +/- 8.52 versus post 34.91 +/- 8.80%, p = 0.002); fasting insulin, HIIT (pre 20.64 +/- 9.44 versus post 15.20 +/- 6.47 uIU/ml, p = 0.0006), RT pre 18.50 +/- 8.24 versus post 13.59 +/- 6.11 uIU/ml, p = 0.015); insulin post load, HIIT (pre 127.57 +/- 71.73 versus post 69.25 +/- 39.42 uIU/ml, p < 0.0001), RT (pre 125.78 +/- 59.85 versus post 63.45 +/- 36.44 uIU/ml, p < 0.0001); and fasting glycemia, HIIT (pre 92.86 +/- 11.39 versus post 87.36 +/- 8.00, p = 0.031), RT (pre 90.79 +/- 11.26 versus post 85.26 +/- 7.88 mg/dl, p = 0.045). In relation to post-load glycemia only the HIIT group decreased significantly (pre 128.57 +/- 26.90 versus post 103.47 +/- 12.70 mg/dl, p < 0.001), reporting differences with the RT group (p < 0.042). CONCLUSION: Both programs showed similar results for the treatment of insulin resistance.

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