BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dual-task interventions show positive effects in people with Parkinson disease (PD), but it remains unclear which factors determine the size of these benefits. As a secondary analysis of the DUALITY trial, the aim of this study was to assess the determinants of the effect size after 2 types of dual-task practice. METHODS: We randomly allocated 121 participants with PD to receive either integrated or consecutive dual-task training. Dual-task walking performance was assessed during (i) a backward digit span task (digit), (ii) an auditory Stroop task (Stroop), and (iii) a functional mobile phone task. Baseline descriptive, motor, and cognitive variables were correlated with the change in dual-task gait velocity after the intervention. Factors correlated with the change in dual-task gait velocity postintervention (p < 0.20) were entered into a stepwise forward multiple linear regression model. RESULTS: Lower dual-task gait velocity and higher cognitive capacity (Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Cognition (ScopaCog)) at baseline were related to larger improvements in dual-task gait velocity after both integrated and consecutive dual-task training for all 3 tasks (beta-gait -0.45, beta-ScopaCog 0.34, R = 0.23, p < 0.001 for digit; beta-gait -0.52, beta-ScopaCog 0.29, R = 0.26, p < 0.001 for Stroop; and beta-gait -0.40, beta-ScopaCog 0.30, R = 0.18, p < 0.001 for mobile phone task). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Participants with PD who showed a slow dual-task gait velocity and good cognitive functioning at baseline benefited most from the dual-task training, irrespective of the type of training and type of dual-task outcome.

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