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Photogrammetric analysis of upper cross syndrome among teachers and the effects of national academy of sports medicine exercises with ergonomic intervention on the syndrome [with consumer summary]
Karimian R, Rahnama N, Ghasemi G, Lenjannejadian S
Journal of Research in Health Sciences 2019 Summer;19(3):e00450
clinical trial
3/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: No; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

BACKGROUND: Hyperkyphosis is often accompanied by forward head and shoulder postures. Together, these three disorders are called "upper cross syndrome (UCS)". We aimed to perform a photogrammetric analysis of UCS among teachers and to determine the effects of National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) exercises with ergonomic training interventions on the syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: A semi-experimental study. METHODS: Photogrammetric analysis was performed using the UCS software among teachers in order to determine the angles of forward head, rounded shoulders, and hyperkyphosis. Twenty-three teachers were selected purposefully and enrolled in Fasa City in 2018. They were randomly divided into experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 11) groups. Experimental group attended 12 wk of NASM exercises with ergonomic intervention but the control group did not participate in any regular exercise. The data were analyzed using paired t-test and differential independent t-test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The results indicated a significant decrease in forward head (p = 0.001), shoulder angles (p = 0.000) and hyperkyphosis (p = 0.003). The applied intervention had a 90% positive effect in reducing the forward head angle, an 88% positive effect in reducing the rounded shoulder angle and a 90% positive effect in reducing the kyphosis angle. However, the results for the control group did not show a significant difference for forward head, rounded shoulders, and hyperkyphosis angles. CONCLUSION: The UCS software application can be used as an accurate instrument for measuring the extent of the UCS. Moreover, using NASM exercises can lead to a reduction in the UCS among teachers.

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