OBJECTIVE: To determine if ballistic resistance training is feasible, safe and effective in improving muscle strength, power generation and mobility in adults with neurological conditions. DATA SOURCES: Nine electronic databases were searched from inception to March 2019 in addition to the reference lists of included articles (PROSPERO CRD42019126007). STUDY SELECTION: Articles were independently screened by two authors and included if they were full-text, English-language articles published in a peer reviewed journal, that investigated ballistic resistance training for adults with a neurological condition and reported on feasibility, safety, strength, power or mobility. DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently extracted data. Study quality was assessed using the McMaster critical review form and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. DATA SYNTHESIS: The search identified 1,540 articles, with 13 articles, describing nine studies, meeting the criteria for inclusion. Five studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and four were cohort studies. Ballistic resistance training was feasible and safe with only one intervention-related adverse event reported. Findings indicated improvements in strength for hip abduction, leg press, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion, but not for hip flexion, hip extension, knee extension or ankle plantarflexion. Muscle power generation improved for hip flexion, hip abduction, leg press, knee extension and knee flexion, but not for ankle plantarflexion. Treatment effect was positive for self-selected walking speed, with a standardised mean difference (SMD) of 0.69 (95%CI 0.01 to 1.38) from three studies. However fastest comfortable walking speed results were inconclusive with a SMD from four studies 0.45 (95%CI -0.01 to 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: Ballistic training was safe and feasible for people with a neurological condition. The effects on muscle strength, power generation and mobility were positive but not conclusive.

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