INTRODUCTION: IL-22 may have a role in the alleviation of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) via protection of pancreatic beta and endothelial cells from oxidative and lipid-induced damage. We aimed to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and different volumes of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on changes in circulating IL-22. METHOD(S): This was a sub-study of the "Exercise in the prevention of Metabolic Syndrome" (EX-MET) a multi-center, randomized trial. This study used data collected at the Brisbane site. Thirty-nine individuals with MetS were randomized to one of three 16-wk interventions: (1) MICT (n = 10, 30 min at 60 to 70% HRpeak, 5x/wk); (2) 4HIIT (n = 13, 4x4min at 85 to 95% HRpeak, interspersed with 3 min of active recovery at 50 to 70% HR peak, 3x/wk); or (3) 1HIIT (n = 16, 1x4 min at 85 to 95% HRpeak, 3x/wk). Serum IL-22 concentration was measured following a 12-hr fast via an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, before and after the intervention. MetS severity, insulin resistance (IR), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were also measured via MetS z-score, HOMA-IR, dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry, and indirect calorimetry (maximal exercise test), respectively. RESULT(S): The median (IQR) IL-22% changes from pre-to post-intervention in the MICT, 4HIIT, and 1HIIT groups were -17% (-43.0% to 31.3%), +16.5% (-18.9% to 154.9%), and +15.9% (-28.7% to 46.1%), respectively. Although there were no significant between-group differences in IL-22 concentration change, there was a medium-to-large group x time interaction effect (F[2,35] = 2.08, p = 0.14, partial-eta2 = 0.14). CONCLUSION(S): Although there was no statistically significant between-group difference in IL-22 change, the study suggests that different exercise intensities may have opposing effects on IL-22 concentration in individuals with MetS.

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