OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the effectiveness of core-based exercise for correcting a spinal deformity and improving quality of life in people with scoliosis. DATA SOURCES: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science databases were searched from inception up to September 30, 2020. METHODS: Clinical controlled trials were eligible if they compared the effectiveness of core-based exercise to other nonsurgical interventions in people with scoliosis. The revised Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for randomized trials and the methodological index for non-randomized studies scale were used to assess the risk of bias. The outcomes included the Cobb angle, the angle of trunk rotation and quality of life. RevMan 5.3 was used, and intergroup differences were determined by calculating mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: After screening 1,348 studies, nine studies with 325 participants met the inclusion criteria. The exercise group had significantly lower Cobb angles (MD -2.08, 95% CI -3.89 to -0.28, p = 0.02) and significantly better quality of life as measured by the Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire (MD 0.25, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.49, p = 0.03) than the control groups. However, no significant difference was observed regarding the angle of trunk rotation between groups (MD -0.69, 95% CI -2.61 to 1.22, p = 0.48). Furthermore, no serious adverse events were reported. The overall quality of evidence ranged from low to very low. CONCLUSION: Core-based exercise may have a beneficial role in reducing the Cobb angle and improving quality of life in people with scoliosis in the short term. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020160509 (available at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).

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