Exercise may reduce the risk of falls in the elderly. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of a progressive step marching exercise (PSME) program on balance ability, lower limb muscle strength, aerobic capacity, quality of life, and fear of falling in the elderly. A cluster randomized controlled trial was selected where 30 elderly participants (aged 69 +/- 3 years) from a community were supervised while performing a PSME program and 30 (aged 70 +/- 3 years) from another community were assigned to a control group. All participants in both groups underwent timed up and go test, one leg standing test, five time sit to stand test, two minutes step test, World Health Organization Quality of Life -- Thai Version, and Fall Efficacy Scale Thai Version at baseline, after exercise at 4 and 8 weeks. The PSME group underwent the program for 8 weeks while those in the control group were instructed to continue their normal activity. After training, the PSME showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in all parameters except one leg standing and two minutes step test when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the PSME program could improve balance ability, lower limb muscle strength, quality of life, and fear of falling in the elderly.

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