OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a short (5 to 10 minutes) shoulder external rotation (ER) strength program, using elastic bands, in adolescent handball players. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: The sample included 6 adolescent handball teams (3 female, 3 male) with a total of 92 players and a mean age of 16.6 years. Players were randomized within teams to an intervention group, which completed a shoulder ER strengthening program of 2 exercises performed 3 times per week after handball training for 8 weeks, or a control group of no treatment. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in shoulder ER strength change, measured as isometric strength using a handheld dynamometer from preintervention to postintervention (8 weeks). Secondary outcomes were between-group differences in internal rotation (IR) strength and the ER/IR strength ratio from preintervention to postintervention. RESULTS: The estimated between-group difference in dominant-shoulder ER strength was 0.06 N/kg (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.01 to 0.14) in favor of the intervention group. The estimated between-group differences in the ER/IR ratio and IR strength were 0.03 (95% CI -0.02 to 0.08) and 0.02 (95% CI -0.08 to 0.13), respectively. CONCLUSION: The ER strength program improved neither the ER strength nor the ER:IR ratio.

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