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The ability of exercise to mitigate caloric restriction-induced bone loss in older adults: a structured review of RCTs and narrative review of exercise-induced changes in bone biomarkers |
Wherry SJ, Miller RM, Jeong SH, Beavers KM |
Nutrients 2021 Apr;13(4):1250 |
systematic review |
Despite the adverse metabolic and functional consequences of obesity, caloric restriction (CR) induced weight loss is often contra-indicated in older adults with obesity due to the accompanying loss of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and subsequent increased risk of fracture. Several studies show a positive effect of exercise on aBMD among weight-stable older adults; however, data on the ability of exercise to mitigate bone loss secondary to CR are surprisingly equivocal. The purpose of this review is to provide a focused update of the randomized controlled trial literature assessing the efficacy of exercise as a countermeasure to CR-induced bone loss among older adults. Secondarily, we present data demonstrating the occurrence of exercise-induced changes in bone biomarkers, offering insight into why exercise is not more effective than observed in mitigating CR-induced bone loss.
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