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Effects of short term elastic resistance training on muscle mass and strength in untrained older adults: a randomized clinical trial
Martins WR, Safons MP, Bottaro M, Blasczyk JC, Diniz LR, Fonseca RM, Bonini-Rocha AC, de Oliveira RJ
BMC Geriatrics 2015 Aug 12;15(99):Epub
clinical trial
7/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: Yes; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

BACKGROUND: The current recommendations on resistance training involving older adults have reported an improvement of body composition variables. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge on how elastic resistance training (ERT) affects the muscle mass in older adults population. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a short-term ERT on muscle mass of health and untrained older adults. METHODS: Forty older adults were randomized into two groups of 20 individuals each: gontrol group (CG 66.2 +/- 6.6 years) and training group (TG 69.1 +/- 6.3 years). TG underwent an ERT twice a week during 8 weeks and control group did not receive any specific intervention. The primary outcome was the upper and lower limbs muscle mass, measured by Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The secondary outcomes were knee isokinetic peak torque (PT) at 60 degrees/s and 120 degrees/s speeds and isometric handgrip strength. A 2x2 mixed model (group (TG and CG) x time (pre and post)) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the effect on primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS: The results of the ANOVA showed no significant effects in group x time interaction for (1) upper limbs fat free mass (F[1,38] = 1.80, p = 0.19, effect size (ES) 0.1) and for (2) lower limbs fat free mass (F[1,38] = 0.03, p = 0.88, ES 0.02). Regarding muscle strength, the ANOVA showed no significant effects in group x time interaction for (3) PT at 60 degrees/s (F[1,38] = 0.33, p = 0.56, ES 3.0), for (4) PT at 120 degrees/s (F[1,38] = 0.80, p = 0.38, ES 4.1) and for handgrip strength (F[1,38] = 0.65, p = 0.42-value, ES 0.9). Analysis of PT in TG showed a significant change of 4.5%, but only at 120 degrees/s (p = 0.01) when comparing pre and post-training (time interaction). CONCLUSIONS: Eight weeks of ERT did not show significant changes in muscle mass and strength of untrained older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02253615 (09/25/14).

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