BACKGROUND: Exercise is an effective non-pharmacological intervention for the enhancement of neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory health. In particular, high-intense intermittent training (HIIT) has been implicated in health management; however, in specific populations such as the elderly, is needed more investigations. OBJECTIVE: The aim is to determine the impact of HIIT in the neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory fitness of the elderly. METHODS: Thirty-two elderly volunteers, 71.0 +/- 2.1 years, were randomly divided into two groups, control (CG) (n = 16), that did not participate in any interventions, and experimental (EG) (n = 16) that participated in a 12-week exercise program based on HIIT 3 times a week, and 40 minutes by a meeting. Both groups were subjected before and after the intervention period to neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory testing, and monthly were clinically evaluated by a Physician. RESULTS: No orthopaedic events were reported to both groups, and the CG showed no enhancement to all variables. The EG, muscular endurance of the upper limbs was enhanced (p < 0.0001), as was muscular endurance of the lower limbs (p < 0.0001), localized muscular endurance of abdominal muscles (p < 0.0001), lower limb muscle power (p < 0.0001) and aerobic power (p < 0.0001). There were no adverse events during or after the intervention period. CONCLUSION: HIIT is an effective strategy to promote enhancement of neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly and showed safe because no orthopaedic and cardiovascular events were reported.

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