PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of different exercise components on physical function and mobility in adults after hip fracture. METHODS: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched up to March 2021. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise interventions on physical function and mobility in adults after hip fracture were included. RESULTS: Fifteen studies (12 trials) were included (n = 1,198, age 80 +/- 8 years). Exercise interventions had a moderate effect on overall physical function after hip fracture compared to non-exercise (SMD 0.46, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.65). Among different exercise components, progressive resistance exercise showed the largest effect (SMD 0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.69), while aerobic exercise alone had no effect (SMD 0.41, 95% -0.44 to 1.26) on physical function. Exercise had a small effect on mobility (SMD 0.28, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.43). Specifically, functional exercise showed a moderate effect (SMD 0.41, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.65) on mobility. CONCLUSIONS: Available evidence supports that exercise interventions improve physical function and mobility in older adults after hip fracture; specifically, resistance exercise with progressive load of 60 to 80% 1RM, and functional exercise may be critical intervention components respectively. Future high-quality research is needed to establish best practices.

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