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| Effect of 5 years of exercise training on the cardiovascular risk profile of older adults: the Generation 100 randomized trial |
| Letnes JM, Berglund I, Johnson KE, Dalen H, Nes BM, Lydersen S, Viken H, Hassel E, Steinshamn S, Vesterbekkmo EK, Stoylen A, Reitlo LS, Zisko N, Baekkerud FH, Tari AR, Ingebrigtsen JE, Sandbakk SB, Carlsen T, Anderssen SA, Singh MAF, Coombes JS, Helbostad JL, Rognmo O, Wisloff U, Stensvold D |
| European Heart Journal 2022 Jun;43(21):2065-2075 |
| clinical trial |
| 6/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: Yes; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: Yes; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed* |
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AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 5 years of supervised exercise training (ExComb), and the differential effects of subgroups of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), with control on the cardiovascular risk profile in older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: Older adults aged 70 to 77 years from Trondheim, Norway (n = 1,567, 50% women), able to safely perform exercise training were randomized to 5 years of two weekly sessions of HIIT (approximately 90% of peak heart rate (HR), n = 400) or MICT (approximately 70% of peak HR, n = 387), together forming ExComb (n = 787), or control (instructed to follow physical activity recommendations, n = 780). The main outcome was a continuous cardiovascular risk score (CCR), individual cardiovascular risk factors, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). CCR was not significantly lower (-0.19, 99% confidence interval (CI) -0.46 to 0.07) and VO2peak was not significantly higher (0.39 mL/kg/min, 99% CI -0.22 to 1.00) for ExComb versus control. HIIT showed higher VO2peak (0.76 mL/kg/min, 99% CI 0.02 to 1.51), but not lower CCR (-0.32, 99% CI -0.64 to 0.01) versus control. MICT did not show significant differences compared to control or HIIT. Individual risk factors mostly did not show significant between-group differences, with some exceptions for HIIT being better than control. There was no significant effect modification by sex. The number of cardiovascular events was similar across groups. The healthy and fit study sample, and contamination and cross-over between intervention groups, challenged the possibility of detecting between-group differences. CONCLUSIONS: Five years of supervised exercise training in older adults had little effect on cardiovascular risk profile and did not reduce cardiovascular events. REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01666340.
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