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Testing the role of aerobic exercise in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in U.S. active duty military personnel: a pilot study
Young-McCaughan S, Peterson AL, Mintz J, Hale WJ, Dondanville KA, Borah EV, Blount TH, Blankenship AE, Fina BA, Hall-Clark BN, Hernandez AM, Jacoby VM, Malach SL, Williams JM, Compton KE, Bingham MO, Vriend CA, Inman AW, Brundige A, Arzola SM, Lapiz-Bluhm MD, Williamson DE, Litz BT, Hembree EA, Roache JD, Taylor DJ, Pruiksma KE, Borah AM, Yarvis JS, on behalf of the STRONG STAR Consortium
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 2022:51(4);309-325
clinical trial
4/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: No; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: Yes; Between-group comparisons: No; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if the efficacy of imaginal exposure for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) could be improved by adding aerobic exercise. We hypothesized that aerobic exercise would enhance the efficacy of exposure therapy. Active duty service members with clinically significant symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTSD Checklist-Stressor-Specific Version, (PCL-S), >= 25) were randomized into one of four conditions: exercise only; imaginal exposure only; imaginal exposure plus exercise; no exercise/no exposure therapy (control). Participants (N = 72) were primarily male, Army, noncommissioned officers ranging in age from 22 to 52. PTSD symptom severity decreased over time (p < 0.0001); however, there were no significant differences between the experimental conditions. The prediction that imaginal exposure augmented with aerobic exercise would be superior to either imaginal exposure alone or aerobic exercise alone was not supported, suggesting that engaging in exercise and imaginal exposure simultaneously may not be any better than engaging in either activity alone. A better understanding of individually administered and combined exercise and exposure therapy interventions for PTSD is warranted.

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