Inadequate protein intake and low levels of physical activity are common long-term sequelae after bariatric surgery and can negatively affect muscle strength (MS) and physical function (PF). The study investigated the effects of resistance training with or without protein supplementation on MS and PF. The study, which involved a 12-week controlled trial (n = 61) of individuals 2 to 7 years post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), comprised four groups: whey protein supplementation (PRO; n = 18), maltodextrin placebo (control (CON); n = 17), resistance training combined with placebo (RTP; n = 11), and resistance training combined with whey protein supplementation (RTP+PRO; n = 15). An isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure MS (peak torque at 60 degree/s and 180 degree/s). PF was measured with the 30-s sit-to-stand (30-STS), 6-min walk (6-MWT), and Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) tests. There were improvements in the absolute and relative-to-bodyweight peak torque at 60 degree/s and 180 degree/s, TUG, 6-MWT and 30-STS in the RTP and RTP+PRO groups, but not in the CON and PRO groups. Changes in MS were significantly correlated with changes in PF between the pre- and post-intervention periods. A supervised resistance training program, regardless of protein supplementation, improved MS and PF in the mid-to-long-term period after RYGB and can lead to clinical benefits and improved quality of life.

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