Immunosuppression and a sedentary lifestyle may exacerbate complications such as early graft dysfunction and muscle loss, and reduce patient survival after kidney transplantation (KT). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in body composition (BC), muscular strength, aerobic, and renal function in KT subjects submitted to combined resistance plus aerobic training. Twelve KT subjects were randomly assigned into groups: (G1) 12 weeks of combined training (3 males and 4 females, 54 +/- 3 years); or (G2) nonexercise control (5 females, 43 +/- 18 years). The subjects were evaluated for BC (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), estimated Vo2peak, right-hand maximal grip strength (RHMGS) and left-hand maximal grip strength (LHMGS), and renal function. Post-training revealed that G1 reduced body fat percentage (p = 0.046), uric acid (DELTA = -0.87; p = 0.023), urea (DELTA = -9.43; p = 0.032), and creatinine (DELTA = -0.15; p = 0.045), increased fat-free mass, estimated Vo2peak, RHMGS, LHMGS (p < 0.05), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (DELTA = 11.64; p = 0.017). G2 increased urea (DELTA = 8.20; p = 0.017), creatinine (DELTA = 0.37; p = 0.028), and decreased eGFR (DELTA = -16.10; p = 0.038). After 12 weeks, urea (DELTA = 24.94; p = 0.013), uric acid (DELTA = 1.64; p = 0.044), and creatinine (DELTA = 0.9; p = 0.011) were lower, whereas eGFR (DELTA = 36.51; p = 0.009) was higher in G1. These data indicate that combined training instigates positive changes in BC, muscular strength, aerobic capacity, and renal function after KT.

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