PURPOSE: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the commonest motor disability affecting children. This study reviewed the evidence for virtual reality (VR) intervention compared with conventional physiotherapy in upper limb function of children with CP. METHODS: Searches were undertaken in Medline, Embase, PEDro, CENTRAL, Web of Science, CINAHL, ERIC, ICTRP, EU-CTR, ClinicalTrials.gov and EThOS databases. Only randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Two reviewers independently screened the search results, assessed full-text articles, extracted data and appraised the methodological quality by using the Cochrane collaboration's risk of bias (RoB2) tool. Albatross plots were used to synthesise the data. RESULTS: Seven RCTs, examining motor function in a total of 202 children with CP, included. Four trials used the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) as an outcome measure, and three trials used grip strength. These outcome measures were utilised to develop two Albatross plots. Data from the plots showed contradictory findings of the included studies. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of VR in the upper limb rehabilitation of children with CP remains unclear. All included studies used commercial non-immersive VR games. Future high-quality clinical research is needed to explore the extent to which non-immersive and immersive VR is feasible and effective with children and adolescents.

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