PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the separated and combined effects of metformin and resistance exercise on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in overweight/obese individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Fourteen adults with a body mass index of 32.1 +/- 4.1 kg/m, insulin resistance (HOMA-2 1.6 +/- 0.6), and poor glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin, 6.9% +/- 0.9%; 51.9 +/- 10.7 mmol/mol) while taking metformin (1561 +/- 470 g/d) were recruited. Participants underwent four 72-h long experimental trials in a randomized counterbalanced order, either (1) taking metformin (MET), (2) replacing metformin by placebo pills (PLAC), 3) taking placebo and undergoing a resistance training bout (RT plus PLAC), and 4) taking metformin and undergoing the same RT bout (RT plus MET). Interstitial fluid glucose concentration was frequently sampled to obtain 72-h glucose area under the curve (GAUC) and the percentage hyperglycemic glucose readings (> 180 mg/dL; GPEAKS). Insulin sensitivity (ie, HOMA-2) and IGF-1 were also assessed. RESULTS: HOMA-2 was not affected by treatments. GAUC and GPEAKS were similarly reduced below PLAC during RT plus MET and MET (all p < 0.05). In contrast, RT plus PLAC did not affect glucose concentration. Metformin decreased serum IGF-1 concentrations (p = 0.006), and RT did not reverse this reduction. CONCLUSIONS: A bout of full-body RT does not interfere or aid on metformin's blood glucose-lowering actions in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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