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Effects of a groin pain prevention program in male high school soccer players: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Fujisaki K, Akasaka K, Otsudo T, Hattori H, Hasebe Y, Hall T
International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy 2022 Aug;17(5):841-850
clinical trial
6/10 [Eligibility criteria: No; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: Yes; Baseline comparability: No; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: Yes; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

BACKGROUND: Groin pain is frequently reported by soccer players. A prevention program incorporating the Copenhagen adduction exercise (CAE) has been shown effective in decreasing adductor muscle injury in semi-professional soccer players. However, the effect of such programs on groin pain in high school soccer players is unknown. No reports have examined the effects of combining the CAE with other targeted exercises such as the Nordic hamstrings exercise (NHE). PURPOSE: To evaluate the preventative effects of exercise on groin pain in high school soccer players in three groups comprising NHE alone, combined NHE and CAE, and a control group. DESIGN: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. METHODS: A cluster randomized controlled trial spanning 16 weeks was conducted on 202 high school soccer players from seven high schools in a Japanese under 18 Soccer League. Players were allocated to either group A (three schools, 66 players) receiving the CAE alone, or group B (two schools, 73 players) receiving the CAE and NHE, or control group C (two schools, 63 players) who performed their usual training. This study compared the number of injuries, injury rate, and severity of the injury of groin pain in these three groups. RESULTS: The number of players injured was less in group B (4 players) compared to C (18 players), and time-lost to soccer was less in groups A (6 players) and B (3 players) compared to group C (16 players). Injury rates were significantly lower in groups A and B, with the relative risk of injury compared to group C of 0.42 (95% CI 0.19% to 0.90%) in group A and 0.19 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.54) in group B. CONCLUSION: A 16-week program incorporating the CAE in training sessions in high school soccer players reduced the incidence of groin pain and which may be related to injury severity according to time lost to soccer, however the combination of both the CAE and NHE may be more effective than the CAE alone. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2b.

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