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Resistance exercise training increases muscle mass and strength in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy
Houben LHP, Overkamp M, van Kraaij P, Trommelen J, van Roermund JGH, de Vries P, de Laet K, van der Meer S, Mikkelsen UR, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC, Beijer S, Beelen M
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2023 Apr;55(4):614-624
clinical trial
6/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: Yes; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of 20 weeks resistance exercise training with or without protein supplementation on body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance and aerobic capacity in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). METHODS: Sixty prostate cancer patients receiving ADT were randomly assigned to perform 20 weeks of resistance exercise training with supplementation of 31 g whey protein (EX plus PRO, n = 30) or placebo (EX plus PLA, n = 30), consumed immediately after exercise and every night before sleep. A separate control group (CON, n = 36) only received usual care. At baseline and after 20 weeks, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle mass (computed tomography scan), muscle strength (1-repetition maximum strength tests), physical performance (Timed Up and Go Test, 30-second Chair Stand Test, Stair Climb Test), aerobic capacity (cardiopulmonary exercise test) and habitual dietary intake (food diary), were assessed. Data were analyzed using a two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Over time, muscle mass and strength increased in EX plus PRO and EX plus PLA and decreased in CON. Total fat mass and fat percentage increased in EX plus PRO and CON, but not in EX plus PLA. Physical performance did not significantly change over time in either group. Aerobic capacity was maintained in EX plus PLA, while it decreased in EX plus PRO and CON. Habitual protein intake (without supplements) averaged > 1.0 g/kg body weight/day, with no differences over time or between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In prostate cancer patients, resistance exercise training counteracts the adverse effects of ADT on body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength and aerobic capacity, with no additional benefits of protein supplementation.

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