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Effectiveness of eye movement exercise and diaphragmatic breathing with jogging in reducing migraine symptoms: a preliminary, randomized comparison trial [with consumer summary]
Rahimi MD, Hassani P, Kheirkhah MT, Fadardi JS
Brain and Behavior 2023 Jan;13(1):e2820
clinical trial
5/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a multifactorial headache disorder. Maladaptive functional networks or altered circuit-related connectivity in the brain with migraine appear to perturb the effects of usual treatments. OBJECTIVES: In the present preliminary trial, we aim to study the effectiveness of performing pieces of body-mind, cognitive, or network reconstruction-based training (ie, eye movement exercise plus jogging; EME plus J and diaphragmatic breathing plus jogging; DB plus J) in decreasing migraine symptoms. METHODS: We used a three-arm, triple-blind, non-inferiority randomized comparison design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements to assess the effectiveness of EME plus J and DB plus J in the brain with migraine. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the study groups to perform either 12 consecutive weeks of EME plus J (n = 22), DB plus J (n = 19), or receiving, treatment as usual, TAU (n = 22). RESULTS: The primary outcome statistical analysis through a linear mixed model showed a significant decrease in the frequency (p = 0.0001), duration (p = 0.003), and intensity (p = 0.007) of migraine attacks among the interventions and measurement times. The pairwise comparisons of simple effects showed that EME plus J and DB plus J effectively reduced migraine symptoms at the post-test and follow-up (p < 0.05). Cochran's tests showed that interventions decreased the number of menses-related migraine attacks. EME plus J and DB plus J effectively decreased over-the-counter (OTC) drug use, refreshed wake-up mode, and improved sleep and water drinking patterns. These are the secondary outcomes that Cochran's tests showed in the interventional groups after the interventions and at 12 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: EME plus J or DB plus J can be an effective and safe method with no adverse effects to decrease the symptoms of migraine attacks. Moreover, a reduction in the frequency of menstrual cycle-related attacks, OTC drug use, and improved quality of sleep and drinking water were the secondary outcomes of the post-test and a 12-month follow-up.

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