BACKGROUND: Adiponectin and CTRP-9 are adipose tissue secreted adipokines mediating various tissue functions. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and omega-3 ingestion on the levels of CTRP-9 and adiponectin in overweight and obese women. METHODS: A total of 40 women within the age range of 20 to 35 years (mean age 27.29 +/- 3.27 years) and mean body mass index of 29.6 +/- 1.93 kg/m2 participated voluntarily in the present study. The participants were then randomly assigned into four groups (10 cases per group) of placebo, omega-3, training, and training plus omega-3. The aerobic training program lasted eight weeks (three sessions per week); moreover, the omega-3 and training plus omega-3 groups consumed 2,000 mg of omega-3 supplements daily. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention (48 h after the last training session or omega-3 consumption). Following that, adiponectin, CTRP-9, and insulin levels were measured by ELISA. Data analysis was performed using the analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post-hoc test. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the CTRP-9 levels and insulin resistance, as well as a significant increase in the adiponectin levels in the training and training plus omega-3 groups were observed, compared to the placebo and omega-3 groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, it seems that the positive effects of aerobic training alone or combined with omega-3 supplementation are partially exerted by increased and decreased adiponectin and CTRP-9 levels, respectively. Furthermore, omega-3 supplementation can increase the effectiveness of aerobic training by modulating CTRP-9 and adiponectin levels.

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