INTRODUCTION: Obesity, a chronic disease caused by hemostasis imbalance, increases the risk of developing estrogen-dependent breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The present study aimed to examine the effect of 12-week concurrent (aerobic-resistance) training on the inflammation marker (Estradiol, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin-6 (IL-6)) and physical performance (VO2max, balance, flexibility and strength) in obese postmenopausal women. METHODS: Our research was an unblinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Thirty sedentary and obese postmenopausal women were recruited (age 45 to 55 years, obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2), physically inactive (< 150 min/week of physical activity), elevated risk on the basis of their 5 year Gail risk score (> 1.66%)), and having mammography. They were randomly divided into concurrent training (CT, n = 12) and control group (CG, n = 13). The participants took part in a 12 week supervised intervention training 5 days/week, (each session of which involved 60 minutes of strength training and 30 minutes of aerobic training). Blood samples were obtained from the volunteers to measure estradiol and TNF-alpha and IL-6. Physical functions (strength, VO2max, flexibility and balance) were evaluated pre, mid, and post-intervention. Quantitative expression was evaluated using 2 ct method and REST software. ANOVA test with Bonferroni correction were used to compare the groups at a significance level of alpha < 0.05. RESULTS: In response to training, total fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM) and waist circulation (WC) in the concurrent training group improved significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The CT group experienced a reduction in FM (-7.73%; p < 0.05) and an increase in LBM (2.5%; p < 0.05). A significant decrease in the expression of IL-6 (p = 0.004) and TNF-alpha (p = 0.0013) was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in estradiol levels in the experimental group compared to the control group (p > 0.05). VO2max (p = 0.001), balance (p = 0.001), strength (hand grip (32.7%), leg strength (31.4%)), and flexibility (p = 0.002) in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The concurrent training and exercise-induced fat mass loss appears to slow the increase of pro inflammatory cytokines, an established risk factor of breast cancer, in postmenopausal women. Thus, this study provides additional evidence to the intricate interaction among estradiol, inflammatory cytokines, adipose tissue, and muscle mass in postmenopausal women.

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