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Salivary testosterone and cortisol levels in Tunisian elderly male patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. Implications of musical therapy and/or physical rehabilitation
Cheour S, Cheour C, Kilani C, Guemri A, Zineddine D, Khelifa R, Supriya R, Bragazzi NL, Cheour F, Baker JS, Gaied-Chortane S
Frontiers in Physiology 2022 Aug 5;13(839099):Epub
clinical trial
4/10 [Eligibility criteria: No; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

Changes in salivary testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) levels were assessed in elderly Tunisian male patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjected to music therapy and/or physical rehabilitation. Male patients with mild AD (n = 26; age 76.23 +/- 4.27 years; weight 74.76 +/- 5.36 kg) were randomly assigned into four groups for three 60-min sessions per week for 4 months; including Group1 or control group (Co) (n = 6); Group2 (n = 6), participated in physical rehabilitation (PR); Group3 (n = 7), subjected to music therapy (MT) and Group4 (n = 7), participated simultaneously in music therapy and physical rehabilitation (MT plus PR). Salivary T levels increased (partial eta squared = 0.7) and C levels decreased (partial eta squared = 0.69), significantly (p < 0.001) in the PR, MT and MT plus PR groups compared to the Co group respectively. Also, increases in salivary T levels and decreases in C levels in MT plus PR group were greater compared to the other groups. MT increased T levels (p < 0.001) and decreased C levels (p < 0.05) to a greater extent than the PR group respectively. Changes in salivary T levels were positively (r = 0.83; p < 0.001) and C levels were negatively (r = -0.86; p < 0.001) correlated in the PR, MT and MT plus PR groups with changes in MMSE in AD patients. This study highlights that combination of MT and PR holds potential to treat AD.

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