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Effects of corrective and breathing exercises on respiratory function of older adults with a history of COVID-19 infection: a randomized controlled trial
Sedaghati P, Derakhshan KF, Ahmadabadi S, Moghaddam SRR
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 2023 Jun 16;23(199):Epub
clinical trial
6/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: Yes; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

BACKGROUND: Patients with a history of COVID-19 infection may suffer from different physical problems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of corrective and breathing exercises on improving respiratory function among patients with a history of COVID-19 infection. METHODS: In this clinical trial study, thirty elderlies with a history of COVID-19 disease were divided into two groups (mean age 63.60 +/- 3.56 experimental, 59.87 +/- 2.99 control groups) based on the study inclusion criteria. Exercise interventions included two sections- breathing exercises and corrective exercises in the cervical and thoracic spine. The spirometry test, craniovertebral angle, and thoracic kyphosis test were used. To evaluate differences between variables, paired-samples t-test and ANCOVA were used (p-value < 0.01). Also, Eta-squared was measured to assess the effect size. RESULTS: Results showed a significant difference between the two groups in craniovertebral angle (p = 0.001), thoracic kyphosis (p = 0.007), and respiratory capacity including Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (p = 0.002), FEV1/FVC (p = 0.003), Peripheral oxygen saturation (SPO2) (p = 0.001), while no significant differences were observed between two groups in terms of chest anthropometric indices (p > 0.01). The Eta-squared value of 0.51 for the Craniovertebral angle and the SPO2 indicates a large effect size. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed the combination of corrective and breathing exercises could improve pulmonary function and correct cervical and thoracic posture in patients with a history of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, corrective and breathing exercises can be helpful as a complementary treatment along with pharmaceutical therapy to reduce chronic pulmonary complications in patients infected with COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This research was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT registration number: IRCT20160815029373N7, First trial registration: 23/08/202, Registration date: 01/09/2021).

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