OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether inspiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle strength and function and reduces dyspnea and fatigue in hematopoietic stem cell recipients. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PARTICIPANTS: People with hematological neoplasms who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. INTERVENTION: Inspiratory muscle training with POWER breath Plus, POWERbreathe, Classic, and Threshold devices, with a load of 40% of the maximum inspiratory pressure. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes were maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Secondary outcomes were dyspnea, fatigue, respiratory rate, peripheral O2 saturation, quality of life, and functional capacity. RESULTS: The search identified 3 eligible studies with a sample of 108 participants. Maximal inspiratory pressure was higher in the intervention group in the 3 studies reviewed, with an average difference of -9.3 cm H2O, -31.94 cm H2O, and -16 cm H2O in relation to the control group after inspiratory muscle training. One study found an improvement in the distance covered in the 6-minute walk test (34.22 m) and in the distance covered in the modified incremental shuttle walking test (66.43 m) in the intervention group. LIMITATION: This systematic review includes only 3 randomized controlled clinical trials. CONCLUSION: Inspiratory muscle training is effective in increasing inspiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in bone marrow transplant recipients. However, its effects on fatigue and dyspnea remain uncertain.

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