BACKGROUND: Chronic lymphedema is a progressive and inflammatory disease caused by impaired lymphatic transport. PURPOSE: This study evaluates the effects of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) and aquatic physiotherapy on markers of the inflammatory process and lower limb volumes in individuals with lymphedema. METHODS: A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out with three groups: patients with lymphedema submitted to CDT, patients with lymphedema submitted to aquatic physiotherapy, and control group of individuals without lymphedema. The evaluation was performed through blood count, CRP measurements, C3, C4 complement, measurement of serum levels of cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukins 4 (IL-4), 6 (IL-6), and 10 (IL-10), and the volume of a lower limb using the volume formula of a truncated cone. The study was registered with the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-4tpkszn). RESULTS: Our work showed a reduction in the TNF-alpha levels of patients in the CDT group (p = 0.028). Significant differences were found between the control group and the CDT group for IL-10 (p = 0.049) and monocytes (p = 0.039). No significant reduction in limb volume was found. CONCLUSION: Our results show that CDT was able to significantly reduce the inflammatory marker TNF-alpha in patients with lymphedema, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect of the therapy.

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